How do endothelial progenitor cells affect vascular health?

Endothelial progenitor cells play a crucial role in maintaining vascular health primarily by their ability to replace damaged endothelial cells. These progenitor cells originate from the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream, where they can migrate to sites of vascular injury and contribute to the repair and regeneration of the endothelial layer that lines blood vessels. By doing so, they help to restore endothelial function, which is vital for maintaining proper vascular tone, preventing thrombosis, and regulating inflammation.

Their ability to replace damaged endothelial cells is significant in preventing atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, as a healthy endothelium is critical for ensuring adequate blood flow and preventing plaque formation. Contrary to other options, there is no evidence that endothelial progenitor cells promote the absorption of trans fats or enhance TMAO production; both of these processes are more related to dietary factors and gut microbiota. Thus, the function of endothelial progenitor cells in vascular health is fundamentally linked to their regenerative capacity rather than the promotion of harmful substances or pathways.