How does depression influence coronary artery disease (CAD) risk?

Depression has been shown to significantly influence the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) by increasing the likelihood of cardiac events. This relationship is supported by a substantial body of research demonstrating that individuals with depression often engage in behaviors and physiological responses that contribute to the development and progression of heart disease.

For instance, depression can lead to neglect in lifestyle factors crucial for cardiovascular health, such as poor diet, physical inactivity, and non-adherence to medication regimens. Furthermore, depression may also cause physiological changes such as increased inflammation and altered neuroendocrine responses, which are linked to heart disease.

The increased levels of stress hormones associated with depression can negatively affect the cardiovascular system by promoting plaque formation in arteries and worsening overall heart function. Additionally, depression is often associated with other risk factors such as smoking and obesity, further exacerbating the risk of CAD.

Thus, recognizing the impact of depression on heart health is vital, not only for prevention but also for the effective management of patients with existing cardiovascular conditions. This understanding highlights the need for integrated care that addresses both mental health and physical health to mitigate the risks associated with CAD.